5 August 2013

Adverbs : Analoges to Adjectives

Another particle of speech is the adverb, which I have decided to make quite similar to the adjective since they are similar in function. Like Eldawnian adjectives coming subsequent to their nouns, adverbs follow the verbs that they modify.

The declensions for adverbs are almost exactly the same as those for adjectives, except for the final vowel, which is [-o] instead of [-u]. 'o' was chosen so that the adverbs would match the verbs, which also end with [-o]. The three degrees are reflected with the voiced plosives, [-g-] [-d-] and [-b-] and the comparatives with the inclusion of [-r-]. Once again, the negative is indicated with [-m].

The examples are going to be similar to the adjective examples, so I won't spend too much time explaining them. The adverb declined is 'üsero' which means willingly. This is derived from the verb 'üseyo' which means to decide/choose.

ces ibeto üsego tes : (Descriptive) I help you willingly
ces ibeto üsedo tes : (Moderate) I help you very willingly
ces ibeto üsebo tes : (Superlative) I help you most willingly
ces ibeto üsegom tes : (N. Descriptive) I help you not willingly
ces ibeto üsedom tes : (N. Moderate) I help you not very willingly
ces ibeto üsebom tes : (N. Superlative) I help you not most willingly

The comparative cases have the added 'ra', used as a comparative marker to distinguish the two clauses being compared. In English, it would be translated as either as or than.

ces ibeto üsegro tes ra ibeto üt pes : (Equative) I help you as willingly as I help them
ces ibeto üsedro tes ra ibeto üt pes : (Augmentative) I help you more willingly than I help them
ces ibeto üsebro tes ra ibeto üt pes : (Extreme) I help you much more willingly than I help them
ces ibeto üsegrom tes ra ibeto üt pes : (N. Equative) I help you not as willingly as I help them
ces ibeto üsedrom tes ra ibeto üt pes : (N. Augmentative) I help you not more willingly than I help them
ces ibeto üsebrom tes ra ibeto üt pes : (N. Extreme) I help you not much more willingly than I help them

The subject is not repeated in the clause after the comparative marker, and so it is taken to have the same subject as the first clause. The verb is required to indicate that 'pes' is the object by syntax. If the subject changes while the object remains the same, it is possible to omit the object in a similar manner. Necessarily, if both subject and object change, both must be included in the construction.

The example above was for a transitive verb, in the case of intransitive verbs, the adverb can simply be followed up with 'ra' and the subject in comparison. For example, 'saton ateto atebro ra latun' The sun shines much more brightly than the moon.'

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